{"id":2581,"date":"2026-09-07T20:17:33","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T17:17:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newsroomin.eu\/lt\/?p=2581"},"modified":"2026-09-16T17:38:58","modified_gmt":"2026-09-16T14:38:58","slug":"jt-atsisako-merkatoriaus-projekcijos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newsroomin.eu\/lt\/jt-atsisako-merkatoriaus-projekcijos\/","title":{"rendered":"JT ragina atsisakyti Merkatoriaus projekcijos"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/newsroomin.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/map-2-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20407\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Iliustracijos \u0161altinis: <a href=\"https:\/\/press.un.org\/en\/2026\/ga12779.doc.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Correct the Map<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jungtini\u0173 Taut\u0173 Generalin\u0117 Asambl\u0117ja 2026 m. rugs\u0117j\u012f pri\u0117m\u0117 rezoliucij\u0105 \u201eI\u0161taisykite \u017eem\u0117lap\u012f\u201c (<a href=\"https:\/\/press.un.org\/en\/2026\/ga12779.doc.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Correct the Map<\/a>). \u0160iuo dokumentu raginama atsisakyti tradicin\u0117s <a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Merkatoriaus projekcijos<\/a> ir pereiti prie lygiaplot\u0117s \u201eEqual Earth\u201c projekcijos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Geografijos pamokose \u012fprastas tinklelis, sukurtas dar 1569 metais, smarkiai i\u0161pu\u010dia teritorij\u0173 plotus tolstant nuo pusiaujo a\u0161igali\u0173 link. Nauj\u0105ja lygiaplote projekcija siekiama i\u0161taisyti \u0161\u012f netikslum\u0105 ir atvaizduoti \u0161alis i\u0161laikant tikr\u0105sias j\u0173 proporcijas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-white-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-1\">Kurios \u0161alys kei\u010diasi ir kiek<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Naujasis \u201eEqual Earth\u201c \u017eem\u0117lapis nekei\u010dia valstybi\u0173 sien\u0173 vietov\u0117je \u2013 jis tiesiog panaikina 1569 met\u0173 optines apgaules. Jei \u0161ali\u0173 vizual\u0173 dyd\u012f Merkatoriaus \u017eem\u0117lapyje laikytume 100 proc., naujajame jos \u201esusitraukia\u201c iki realaus mastelio:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list is-style-newscard-hand\">\n<li><strong>Grenlandija susitraukia 82 proc.<\/strong> Tai ry\u0161kiausias i\u0161kraipymo pavyzdys. Merkatoriaus projekcijoje sala atrodo kone viso Afrikos \u017eemyno dyd\u017eio, nors i\u0161 ties\u0173 u\u017e Afrik\u0105 ji ma\u017eesn\u0117 net 14 kart\u0173.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kanada susitraukia 62 proc.<\/strong> Senuosiuose \u017eem\u0117lapiuose \u0161i \u0161alis atrod\u0117 mil\u017eini\u0161ka ir vizualiai lenk\u0117 vis\u0105 Piet\u0173 Amerik\u0105. Realyb\u0117je ji kone perpus ma\u017eesn\u0117 u\u017e pastar\u0105j\u0105.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rusija susitraukia 57 proc.<\/strong> D\u0117l tolimos \u0161iaurin\u0117s platumos \u0161alies plotas Merkatoriaus \u017eem\u0117lapyje atrod\u0117 i\u0161p\u016bstas daugiau nei 2,3 karto (+130 proc.). Naujajame \u017eem\u0117lapyje ji i\u0161laiko did\u017eiausios pasaulio valstyb\u0117s status\u0105, ta\u010diau nustoja vizualiai dengti pus\u0119 planetos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Europa susitraukia 45\u201350 proc.<\/strong> \u0160iaur\u0117s ir Vidurio Europos valstyb\u0117s suma\u017e\u0117ja beveik perpus, o Piet\u0173 Europos \u0161alys \u2013 ma\u017edaug tre\u010ddaliu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>JAV susitraukia 28 proc.<\/strong> (o Aliaskos valstija \u2013 net 65 proc.).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Afrika, Piet\u0173 Amerika ir Indija:<\/strong> Kadangi \u0161ios teritorijos driekiasi arti pusiaujo, senasis \u017eem\u0117lapis j\u0173 beveik nei\u0161kraip\u0117. Ta\u010diau suma\u017e\u0117jusi\u0173 \u0161iaurini\u0173 valstybi\u0173 fone Afrika ir Piet\u0173 Amerika vizualiai gerokai i\u0161auga. Naujasis \u017eem\u0117lapis ai\u0161kiai parodo, jog Afrika (30,3 mln. kv. km) plotu lenkia JAV, Kinij\u0105, Indij\u0105 ir vis\u0105 Europ\u0105 kartu sud\u0117jus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-white-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-2\">Kas palaiko nauj\u0105j\u012f \u017eem\u0117lap\u012f ir kas jam prie\u0161inasi<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Priimtas sprendimas t\u0117ra rekomendacinio pob\u016bd\u017eio, ta\u010diau rezoliucij\u0105 jau par\u0117m\u0117 164 valstyb\u0117s (tarp j\u0173 Pranc\u016bzija bei Jungtin\u0117 Karalyst\u0117, pa\u017ead\u0117jusios perra\u0161yti mokyklinius vadov\u0117lius). Visgi <strong>JAV balsavo prie\u0161<\/strong>, pavadindamos \u0161i\u0105 iniciatyv\u0105 radikaliu ideologiniu projektu, atitraukian\u010diu JT d\u0117mes\u012f nuo saugumo klausim\u0173. <strong>Ukraina ir dar penkios \u0161alys susilaik\u0117.<\/strong> Prie\u017eastimi tapo ne masteliai, o geopolitika: Kyjivas i\u0161rei\u0161k\u0117 protest\u0105 d\u0117l to, jog kai kuriuose esamuose \u201eEqual Earth\u201c \u017eem\u0117lapiuose aneksuotas Krymas nuspalvintas neutralia pilka spalva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Naujoji projekcija sen\u0105j\u0105 i\u0161stums palaipsniui \u2013 per atnaujintus vadov\u0117lius, atlasus ir skaitmenines platformas, tokias kaip \u201eGoogle Maps\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-white-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-3\">Merkatoriaus projekcija ir kolonializmas<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rutulio ne\u012fmanoma i\u0161skleisti \u012f plok\u0161\u010di\u0105 lap\u0105 be joki\u0173 i\u0161kraipym\u0173. Flandrijos kartografas <strong>Gerardas Merkatorius<\/strong> 1569 metais \u017eem\u0117lap\u012f k\u016br\u0117 ne geografijos pamokoms, o navigacijai. Jam r\u016bp\u0117jo i\u0161laikyti teisingus kampus ir kryptis, kad laiv\u0173 kapitonai gal\u0117t\u0173 br\u0117\u017eti kurs\u0105 tiesia linija.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U\u017e tai teko sumok\u0117ti mil\u017eini\u0161kais a\u0161igali\u0173 plot\u0173 i\u0161kraipymais. B\u0117gant laikui \u0161i matematin\u0117 ypatyb\u0117 virto geopolitiniu \u012frankiu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list is-style-newscard-hand\">\n<li><strong>Vizualinis \u0160iaur\u0117s dominavimas:<\/strong> Kolonijin\u0117s valstyb\u0117s (Europa, JAV, Rusijos imperija) \u017eem\u0117lapyje atrod\u0117 galingos bei mil\u017eini\u0161kos, o ties pusiauju esantys kra\u0161tai \u2013 nereik\u0161mingi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Psichologinis poveikis:<\/strong> Pas\u0105mon\u0117je dideli ir vir\u0161uje esantys objektai asocijuojasi su gerove bei galia. Pusiaujo \u0161ali\u0173 suma\u017einimas \u0161imtme\u010dius menkino Globali\u0173j\u0173 Piet\u0173 geopolitin\u012f svor\u012f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tad besivystan\u010dioms \u0161alims \u201eEqual Earth\u201c \u017eem\u0117lapio patvirtinimas tapo pripa\u017einimu, jog epocha, kai pasaulis vertintas vien per Europos j\u016brinink\u0173 patogumo prizm\u0119, baig\u0117si.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-white-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-4\">Kokios alternatyvos si\u016blytos anks\u010diau<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bandym\u0173 nukar\u016bnuoti Merkatori\u0173 b\u016bta ne kart\u0105, ta\u010diau kiekvienas projektas tur\u0117jo lemiam\u0173 tr\u016bkum\u0173. Pavyzd\u017eiui, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gallo-Peterso projekcija<\/a> (XX a. 8 de\u0161.)<\/strong> i\u0161laik\u0117 tikrus plotus, bet smarkiai i\u0161kraip\u0117 formas. Pusiaujo valstyb\u0117s atrod\u0117 nenat\u016braliai i\u0161t\u012fsusios vertikaliai \u2013 tarytum d\u017ei\u016bstantys skalbiniai, \u2013 tod\u0117l \u0161i versija mokyklose neprigijo. <strong>Winkelio projekcija (1921 m.)<\/strong> randa vizual\u0173 balans\u0105 tarp form\u0173 ir dyd\u017ei\u0173, ta\u010diau matemati\u0161kai plot\u0173 tikslumo nei\u0161laiko. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AuthaGraph_projection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201eAuthaGraph\u201c \u017eem\u0117lapis<\/a> (2009 m.)<\/strong> \u2013 japoni\u0161ka trimat\u0117 projekcija, nepriekai\u0161tingai tiksli plot\u0173 ir form\u0173 at\u017evilgiu. Visgi ji visi\u0161kai griauna \u012fprast\u0105 koordina\u010di\u0173 tinkl\u0105: dienovidiniai eina zigzagu, o nustatyti, kur yra \u0161iaur\u0117, o kur piet\u016bs, eiliniam steb\u0117tojui tampa itin keblu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">JT pasirinko \u201eEqual Earth\u201c projekcij\u0105, mat joje pavyko suderinti matemati\u0161kai teising\u0105 plot\u0173 perteikim\u0105 su esteti\u0161ku, akiai \u012fprastu \u017eemyn\u0173 vaizdu. Galiausiai kartografams prireik\u0117 beveik penki\u0173 \u0161imtme\u010di\u0173, kad susitart\u0173 ir parodyt\u0173 planet\u0105 toki\u0105, kokia ji yra i\u0161 tikr\u0173j\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jungtini\u0173 Taut\u0173 Generalin\u0117 Asambl\u0117ja 2026 m. rugs\u0117j\u012f pri\u0117m\u0117 rezoliucij\u0105 \u201eI\u0161taisykite \u017eem\u0117lap\u012f\u201c (Correct the Map). \u0160iuo dokumentu raginama atsisakyti tradicin\u0117s Merkatoriaus projekcijos ir pereiti prie lygiaplot\u0117s \u201eEqual Earth\u201c projekcijos. Geografijos pamokose \u012fprastas tinklelis, sukurtas dar 1569 metais, smarkiai i\u0161pu\u010dia teritorij\u0173 plotus tolstant nuo pusiaujo a\u0161igali\u0173 link. Nauj\u0105ja lygiaplote projekcija siekiama i\u0161taisyti \u0161\u012f netikslum\u0105 ir atvaizduoti \u0161alis [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2572,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_newsroomin_seo_keywords":"","_newsroomin_seo_lead_override":"","_newsroomin_disable_ads":false,"_newsroomin_is_archived":"","_newsroomin_tooltips":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[54,1247,1258,86],"tags":[1238,352,1240,1239],"class_list":["post-2581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geros-naujienos","category-life","category-news","category-newsroom-out","tag-geografija","tag-jt","tag-kartografija","tag-pasaulio-zemelapis"],"tooltips":[],"newsroomin_tooltips":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsroomin.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2581","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsroomin.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsroomin.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsroomin.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsroomin.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2581"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/newsroomin.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2581\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsroomin.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2572"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsroomin.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2581"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsroomin.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2581"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsroomin.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}